Which sterilization method is low-temperature and suitable for heat-sensitive items but may have residue or compatibility concerns?

• A. Steam sterilization (autoclave): high-pressure steam requires proper packaging.
• B. Ethylene oxide (ETO): requires aeration to remove toxic gas; risk of chemical exposure if not aerated.
• C. Hydrogen peroxide plasma: low-temperature sterilization suitable for heat-sensitive items; risk of residue or compatibility issues.
• D. Dry heat sterilization: uses dry heat; risk of instrument damage.

Answer: (C)

Low-temperature sterilization methods are used when items can be damaged by heat. Hydrogen peroxide plasma fits this need because it sterilizes at low temperature by using vaporized hydrogen peroxide that is energized into plasma, effectively killing microbes without exposing instruments to heat. This makes it a good choice for heat-sensitive items, and the process is typically faster than some other low-temperature methods. The trade-off is that because it relies on an oxidizing agent, some materials or coatings may be susceptible to oxidation, and there can be trace residues of hydrogen peroxide on or in devices if the load isn’t fully compatible or if the cycle isn’t validated for that item. Therefore, always check material compatibility and follow the manufacturer’s guidelines. Steam autoclaving is not low-temperature, ethylene oxide, while also low-temperature, has significant toxic gas exposure and long aeration needs, and dry heat requires higher temperatures that can damage delicate instruments.